The goal of the Cyclone project is to investigate type safety for low-level languages such as C . Our hardest challenge has been providing programmers control over memory management while retaining type safety. This paper reports on our experience trying to integrate and effectively use two previously proposed, type-safe memory management mechanisms: statically-scoped regions and unique pointers. We found that these typing mechanisms can be combined to build alternative memory-management abstractions, such as reference counted objects and arenas with dynamic lifetimes, and thus provide a flexible basis. Our experience---porting C code and building new applications for resource-constrained systems---confirms that experts can use these features to improve memory footprint and sometimes to improve throughput when used instead of, or in combination with, a conservative garbage collector.

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@inproceedings{hicks04experience,
  author = {Michael Hicks and Greg Morrisett and Dan Grossman and Trevor Jim},
  title = {Experience with Safe Manual Memory Management in {Cyclone}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} International Symposium on Memory Management (ISMM)},
  note = {An abstract of this paper appeared in SPACE `04, \url{http://www.diku.dk/topps/space2004/space_final/hicks-grossman-jim.pdf}},
  http = {http://cyclone.thelanguage.org},
  month = {October},
  year = 2004,
  pages = {73--84}
}

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